The EE-8 was used throughout WW II and into the Korean conflict. It's an analog telephone that can use either a hand cranked generator for signaling (Local battery) another phone or the operator, or optionally can use the hook switch to signal a central office (Common Battery). In either signaling method there needs to be a couple of "D" batteries in the phone that are connected to the microphone when the Turn To Talk switch is activated on the handset. Unlike military radios, where you can not listen while you are talking, the EE-8 is a full duplex phone just like a Plain Old Telephone System phone, although you do need to use the Press To Talk switch to turn on the talk batteries, and more important when the PTT is released the battery circuit is opened, thus saving the batteries.
They were made by Western Electric, Kellogg, Automatic Electric, and perhaps others.Why Batteries needed for Common battery mode?
The EE-8 can be used in two modes:
Local Battery (LB) which is a magneto signaling mode, or
Common Battery (CB) which uses the switch hook for DC signaling and in this phone is what we now call Common Battery Signaling (CBS) where a local battery is still used for the mike talk circuit.
By:
would have made the CB operation such that no batteries would be required. This is the way a old Bell System model 500 dial phone worked. And maybe phones for decades prior to that time.
- removing the common battery holding coil
- rewiring the hook switch
- adding a capacitor between Induction coil terminal 2 and the coil coming from terminal 3 (maintaining a DC connection from 1 through 2 to the BAT- terminal
Was the EE-8 designed that early or is there some reason why this was not done?
Ans.: Since the dial phone was invented around 1891 (see Telephony Museum) it seems likely that the EE-8 designers knew how to make a Common Battery phone that would operate without any batteries in the phone, so must have designed the EE-8 the way it is for a reason. What was the reason? Answer follows:
There was no concern for operation with the commercial telephone system, just optimum performance in a military field environment.
When operating in Local battery mode and using the hand generator, phone to phone, even party lines could be constructed with just a pair of wires. No switch board is needed. Today the EE-8 is still used in this type of application, such as at a summer camp or as an intercom.
But when connected to a switchboard in Local Battery mode the procedure is to "ring" the operator using the hand crank on your phone AND you are supposed to "ring off" to let the operator know you are finished with your call. This allows the operator to unplug your line. But if you don't "ring off" then it's the operator's job to check on your call progress and pull your plug. When a lot of people don't "ring off" the operator's work load goes way up and the capacity of the system goes way down.
By using Common Battery signaling the operator is automatically notified that someone has gone off hood and desires to be connected and more importantly automatically notifies the operator that someone has completed their call. All that the operator needs to do is glance along the row or rows of connections and if there is a cord plugged in but without he indicator showing "on hook" then just unplug that cord. So there is a big advantage in using Common Battery signaling.
Military field wiring, especially under battle conditions, may be of much poorer quality than commercial wiring. Things like wires laying in the mud with open hand twisted splices can degrade system performance. Under these conditions a local talk battery provides much better communications than the then common practice of using the central office battery to power the carbon microphone.
The EE-8 was designed for these conditions.
Switchboard BD-91-(*) was used with the EE-8() field phones. It is described in TM 11-336 "Telephone Centrol Office Set TC-12". The 1` 1/2 Ton Truck Loading Plan shows two each chest BC-5 each containing 12 EE-8(*) phones. BUT the BD-91-() boards only work with magneto ringing phones, not CBS phones.
The BD-71 and BD-72 only work with magneto signaling phones. TM 11-330
The SB-22 switchboard only works with magneto phones.
The SB-86/P Switchboard will work with either magneto or common battery signaling phone or all it's lines. My copy of TM 11-4134/TO 31W1-2P-102 is dated Sep 1955 with no revisions and so is far after the end of W.W. II.
W.W. II Switchboards supporting Common Battery Signaling
TM 11-335- Telephone Central Office Set TC-1, 15, April, 1942.
"Comprises a complete "transportable telephone exchange or central office for use at any Army HQ which requires one to six BD-80 switchboards." The estimated time for a crew of 12 men to set up this "portable" switchboard was less than 6 hours. It only weighed 7,900 pounds. Each board had a capacity or 30 local battery and 60 common battery lines.
TM 11-338- Telephone Central Office Set TC-10, 28, July, 1944.
Same basic spec's of the above. Used BD-110 switchboards. First three weighed 7,000 pounds and each additional switchboard weighed 1,330 pounds.
"Common Battery Switchboard Circuits"- Enlisted School, Subcourse 214C, Fort Monmouth, N.J., March, 1, 1943.
References switchboard BD-89, part of Telephone Central Office Set TC-2. Each BD-89 had 20 local battery (magneto) line circuits and 37 common battery (manual) line circuits.
In addition, we have a 1943 ad for Willys Jeeps (The sun never sets on the mighty Jeep) titled-
"Signal Corp Unit Beats Ring of Death."
It shows a painting by Sessions with the caption "A true incident from the battle at Kasserine Pass."
The painting depicts a Signal Corp unit pinned-down in a "hell-hole" and shows them paying-out a reel of WD-110 from the back of a Willys Jeep to a field switchboard (looks like a BD-72) while a lineman is on the remains of a pole among explosions and flames.
It also contains a lengthily description of events including- "At about 2100 hours some French soldiers came to us for hand grenades to blow up ;the civilian switchboard they had been operating and to go out with us when we left. "But our Corps Signal Officer told them to put the switchboard out on the sidewalk and that we would pick it up when and if we left."
It goes on the describe the ensuing inferno when the ammo dump blew up while they were surrounded, at 0300 hours. "It was up to the Jeeps to take us through the only gap left in that ring of death. As we came up to the French Telephone Co. building we saw the switchboard on th sidewalk. We loaded it on the hood of my Jeep and, with this added burden, we beat it out of there through a veritable inferno. Etc, etc. ...........
What the above story illustrates, is the high value that the Military placed on any type of communications, captured or otherwise. Since they would also make use of the civilian facilities in occupied areas, it made since to make use of dual-mode phones (not cellular) such as the EE-8 which was capable of local battery or common battery signaling as opposed to having to transport telephones that would work only on one type of system.
We also learned, "The fighting heart of every Jeep in the world and the source of its amazing power, speed flexibilty, dependability and fuel economomy is the Jeep "Go-Devil" Engine, which was designed and perfected by Willys-Overland."
According to THE SIGNAL CORP: THE EMERGENCY
(To December 1941)
>From the Center Of Military History,
United States Army,
Washington, D.C. 1994
The EE-8, Type 2, was standardized in 1932, although not procurable until 1937. "Outdoing the maximum transmission range of its predecessor, th EE-5, by at least six miles, it was also lighter in weight and 'talked up much better."
In 1939, "American industry's capacity to produce it was fifty a day." Among the antiquated manufacturing processes was the special processing of Kangaroo skins.
In 1941, after new methods and materials were developed, the number rose from 50 to more than 2,000 per day. Of course they had to sacrifice quality by eliminating the Kangaroo skin and substituting cowhide.
Thanks-
S.... C........
TM-11-333
Test Equipment mentioned in manual
Early MC-131 Ringers were made using steel for both the gong and the clapper. After some time they can become magnatized and the clapper will stick to the gong and will no longer ring. This can be fixed by replacing either one with a brass part. If this can not be done then the clearance between the clapper and gong must be properly set to prevent the clapper getting too close to the gong when stationary.
- I-166 Voltmeter TM-2613
- TS-26/TSM Test Set TM-2017
Resistance Measurements
Between
Ohms
milliH
L1 - L2 CB On Hook
inf
L1 - L2 CB Off Hook
100
L1 - L2 LB
8,000
Mike T. & BAT+ - C no PTT
inf
Mike T. & BAT+ - C PTT
2,400
Rcvr -BAT - C
46
Induction (Hybrid) coil 1 - 2
14
>1000
Induction (Hybrid) coil 2 - 3
2
2.4
Induction (Hybrid) coil 3 - 4
47
>1000
Holding Coil
100
600
Ringer cap #1 - Black on gen
1,300
Generator check:
about 160 VAC and around 100 Hz at L1 to L2
The screws on my EE-8 are badly rusted and can be replaced with stainless steel screws.
The 2 screws that go through the generator surround ring are 6-32 x 1/2" Pan heads.
The 5 screws that go through the canvas are 6-32 x 7/16" Flat heads.
The 8 screws that hold the two covers on the frame are 4-40 x 5/16" Pan heads.
Background cleaned and restored:
Schematic Diagram -
Wiring Diagram - colored wires
AN/TCC-11 Telephone Repeater
Described in TM 11-2148 (TO 16-30TCC11-5) Sep 1953. + Change 1 Dec 1954 & change Dec 1954 & change 3 May 1956
This is a 4 wire, unattended, carrier-telephone repeater. Extends the length of 12-channel carrier-telephone systems that use termnals AN/TCC-7 and/or telephone repeaters AN/TCC-8. Each AN/TCC-11 adds 5 3/4 miles.
I-142(*) Test Set
Descrbed in TM 11-2062 (TO 16-40 I 142-5) "Test Set I-142 and Test Set I-142-A (Telephone". Sep 1948.
Measures the electrical characteristics of telephone sets, carbon-and-magnetic-type microphones, receivers, capacitors, dials, generators, ringers, and similar telephone equipmet. Comprising the following test circuits:
Batteries needed for I-142:
- Sound source
- VTVM
- Capacitor leakage tester
- Generator load
- Ringer Generator and current limiting resistors
- Dial percentage open & speed tests
- Continuity test
- Loops for
- 600-Ohm LB (for EE-8 testing)
- 24-Volt, 361 Ohm for CB telephones (TP-6)
- 24-Volt, 362 -Ohm DC adjustable for 30, 60, 75, 150 and 300 Ohms for carbon mike testing
- Resistive loads of 128, 256, 512, 1,024, 5000 and 10,000 Ohms for testing receivers and magnetic mikes
- Sound Calibrator TS-550/G to calibrate the sound source.
For the EE-8 the following tests are listed in Table 1.:
- two each BA-23 in series for 3 Volts
- two each BB-49 in series for 12 Volts
- four each BA-210/U in series for 24 Volts
- three BA-26 in series for 135 Volts
- Generator
- 2 MF Capacitor
- 0.5 MF Capacitor
- 0.3 MF Capacitor
- Insulation Resistance
- Receiver (TS-9) attached to telephone EE-8()
- Transmitter attached to telephone EE-8()
- Handset TS-9 Receiving Efficiency
- Handset TS-9 Transmitting Efficiency
BD-71, BD-72, BD-72-A and BD-72-B Switchboards
These are covered in TM 11-330 (only2 digits away from the EE-8 manual number of TM 11-333).
War Department, 29 Oct 1943, Change 1, Dec. 1944.
The BD-71 is a 6 line board weighing 58 lbs. and the BD-72 is a 12 line board weighing 81 lbs. There are 2 lines equiped with repeating coils for each 6 lines on the board to allow easy used for telegraph circuits. The estimated talking range for W-110 field wire is between 14 to 22 miles, depending on if the weather is dry or wet, and if the wire is on the ground or in the air.
Although a BD-71 can be added to a BD-72 to form an 18 line board, two BD-72 bboards can not be used toghther because the line cords will not reach far enough.
Signals Collection '40-'45 - US Army Signal Corps Telephone equipment -Telephones -
Telephony Museum -
Telephone Collectors International - Singing Wires is a Yahoo listserver for North American phone topics
Strowger is a yahoo group for old UK phones
Olive Drab - EE-8
YouTube: T.F. 11 177;1941 U.S. ARMY SIGNAL CORPS SPLICING OF FIELD WIRE CABLE TECHNIQUES FIELD TELEPHONE 11844, Field Wire Splices, 20:17, - W-110B
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