Infrared

© Brooke Clarke 2020 - 2021

Micron 80 Series
                  Infrared Thermometer Kodyee CF-818
                  Infrared Forehead Thermometer Kodak Ektron
                  P-2 PbS Infared IR sensor Meon FLTS EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test
                  Set
Background
Description
    Micron 80 Series Infrared Thermometer
    Cammo Net
    Kodyee CF-818
    Kodak Ektron P-2
    Meon FLTS EU00001-02-FG Infrared Test Set
Patents
Related
References
Links

Background

To compliment the pages on Optics and Ultraviolet.

Description

Micron 80 Series Infrared Thermometer

Keikhosrow Irani founded Micron Infrared in 1969.  LumaSense Technologies acquired them, and Advanced Energy Industries (Pyrometers) is the current holder.
Got this for a good price on eBay probably because the two 9V batteries in the handle have gone bad.
The manual says an alternate to the Ni-Cad is a regular Alkaline 9V battery.  It's now behaving as it should, but I question the calibration.  The indoor readings, with emissivity set to 99, varies from 75 to 83, so assuming deg F.

In Fig 2 you can see small holes at the bottom of the panel marked "S" and "Z".  I'm guessing Scale and Zero.
There is no label on this device and the manual mentions just under a dozen different models in the 80 series with different view angles and working distances.  So a little experimentation will be needed to figure out the object size and distance relationship so that a black body can be used to set Zero and Scale.

The manual mentions in a number of places of using a thermocouple to measure the surface temperature of a target that has an emissivity of 1 in order to determine the emissivity of a material at a test temperature.  Note the patents below are just some related to thermocouples by Irani who has patents on the Mikron device.

Table made by guessing based on spot size v. distance data.
The manual does not list the models in the 80 series and does not say what temperature range they have.
FOV
deg
Ratio
Model
0.36
160:1
CT, HT
0.5
120:1
DT
0.75
80:1
C
1
60:1
AT, BT, ET
2
30:1
A, B, E
25
20:1
AL,
40
1:1
G

Probably necessary to remove the screw just below the rear panel so get good access.  There's also a F or C switch hidden behind the panel.

I suspect that the actual temperature sensing element is a thermocouple since many of the Mikron Infarred patents relate to them.

Thermocouple (Wiki) - heat causes the generation of a voltage because of the differences of two metal alloys.  See: DMM Accessories: 80BK-A

Bolometer (Wiki) - Resistance change with electromagnetic radiation (HP power meter standard)

Pyrometer (Wiki) - measures surface temperature from a distance, See: Ircon DN-DNS30-20C Pyrometer

Thermister (Wiki) - Resistance change with temperature (negative and nonlinear),  See: Sensors\Temperature\Thermistor


Fig 1 Parabolic mirror with sensor at focus.
The IR window material seems like a thin rubber sheet.
It passes visible light so probably is not any kind of filter.
Maybe there just to keep dust out?
Micron 80
                        Series Infrared Thermometer
Fig 2
Micron 80
                        Series Infrared Thermometer
Fig 3
Micron 80
                        Series Infrared Thermometer
Fig 4
The lanyard can be removed
revealing a 1/4-20 tripod mounting hole.
Electrical jack is one degree per mV output.
Micron 80
                        Series Infrared Thermometer



Thermocouple Patents


2997687
                        Connectors, Fred S Walter, Thermo Electric Co,
                        1961-08-22, 439/687; 136/235 -
2997687 Connectors, Fred S Walter, Thermo Electric Co, 1961-08-22, 439/687; 136/235 -

This may be the first patent on what has become the modern standard thermocouple connector.
Note the plug pins are round in this version.  Prior connectors had 2 pins and a cylindrical body.
That wastes a lot of space.

3273105
                        Plug-jack connector, Stephen L Klassen, Thermo
                        Electric Co, 1966-09-13,
3273105 Plug-jack connector, Stephen L Klassen, Thermo Electric Co, 1966-09-13, 439/687; 439/691; 439/679 -

Here is the version with flat terminals which are a lot lower cost than machined round terminals.
Also the plastic housing is now the same for both male and female versions.

3472073 Linearized thermocouples measuring circuit, Keikhosrow Irani, Thermo Electric Co, App: 1967-06-30, Pub: 1969-10-14, 374/172; 374/179; 374/E7.015 - Iron-Constantan"J" & Chromel-Alumel first order correction of arching curve to straight line.  The method can be used for other thermocouples that have first order curvature.
4527896 Infrared Transducer-Transmitter for Non-contact temperature Measurement, I. Irani, F. Lakes, M.G. Burney, Mikron Inst Co., 1985-06-09, 356/43; 374/128; 374/133 -
6798587 Thermal imaging combination and method,
Keikhosrow Irani, Mikron Infrared, 2004-09-28, 359/809; 312/223.1; 348/E5.09; 359/722; 374/130 - wide angle IR lens for inspecting electrical panels through a small hole.
7348562 Method for adapting an existing thermal imaging device, Keikhosrow Irani, Mikron Infrared, 2008-03-25,
250/339.02 -

Cammo Net

When worn on a Ghillie Suit (Wiki) it blocks the heat from your body, thus providing some IR camouflage.

Kodyee CF-818

Runs on a coupe of AAA batteries.  Positive up near hinge, Negative far from hinge.
There are three settings accessed after pressing "O" button for a couple of seconds.

Setting
Icon
Function
F1
Face or House
Body Temp or Object Temp
F2
Beep
On or Off
F3
Units
C or F

I don't yet trust the readings.  Need to come up with a home calibration method.
The LCD background color is always green, even when the temp is > 40 C.

Fig 1
Kodyee
                        CF-818 Infrared Forehead Thermometer
Fig 2
Kodyee
                        CF-818 Infrared Forehead Thermometer
Fig 3
Kodyee
                        CF-818 Infrared Forehead Thermometer

Kodak Ektron P-2

These are Lead Sulfide (Wiki: PbS) IR Detectors.  From "Characteristics of Kodak Ektron Detectors" by S.H. Duffield, 1952
Abstract:
A high sensitivity, chemically deposited, lead sulfide detector has been developed under a program sponsored by the Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy. The end product of this development has been declassified and the commercial production of these units under the trade name of Kodak Ektron Detectors has been initiated.
1. High sensitivity: 10-4 Volts/microwatt 500 degree K radiation per sq cm
2. Low noise: 3 x 10-7 Volts for a 20 cycle bandwidth
3. Time constant sufficiently short to give excellent response up to 800 cycles.
4. Useful spectral response from 0.3 to 3.0 microns at room temperature with an increase in the near infrared on cooling.  The peak response lies in the 2 micron region.
5. Impedance range of 1/4 to 3/4 Meg per square, or 10 to 0.01 Meg depending on electrode configuration.
6. Sensitive areas from 0.25 square mm to several square cm in nearly any shape or multiple array.

Energy Distribution in Luminescence Spectra of Organic Compounds (DTIC_010486.pdf), ONR, 1952 - Prank E. E. Germann - describes the equipment used including the Kodak IR sensor - chlorophyll - Why?  This is a couple decades prior to Chemiluminescent (patent: 3511612)

DE891303C Lead sulfide photocell for temperature detection or monitoring devices, FRITZ MICHELSSEN DR, App: 1936-04-25, W.W.II, Pub:1953-09-28, -
2447322 Infrared-responsive phosphors, Gorton R Fonda, GE, App: 1943-11-04, W.W.II, Pub: 1948-08-17, - Metascope charged by UV. 1 to 1.6 micron.
2448516 Photocell of lead sulfide, Robert J Cashman, Northwestern University, App: 1945-08-01, W.W.II, Pub: 1948-09-07, - in glass bulb, claims first commercial IR sensor.
2489223 Anticollision apparatus, Robert J Herbold, Lafayette M. Huges, App: 1946-06-25, Pub: 1949-11-22, - aircraft warning when IR seen straight ahead.
2540490 Electron device with semiconductive target, Edmund S Rittner, Philips Lab, 1951-02-06, - glass bulb
2636100 Photoconductive cell, Norman C Anderson, Fireye Inc, 1953-04-21, - flame detection
2650307 Infrared analyzer, Otto G Koppius, Philips Lab, 1953-08-25, - uses PbS IR detector
2659682 Apparatus and method for making a photoconductive element, Norman C Anderson, Continental Electric, 1953-11-17, - hi volume vacuum type type
2674677 Photoconductive cell, Norman C Anderson, Philip N Bredesen, Phillip J Cade, Combustion Control Corp, 1954-04-06, -
2711464 Lead sulfide photoconductive cell, Norman C Anderson, Burton E Shaw, Electronics Corp, 1955-06-21, - construction similar to the P-2, not in glass bulb.
2852648 Photoconductive cells and process for manufacturing same, Stanley H Duffield, Eastman Kodak, 1958-09-16, -
2976419 Apparatus for detecting sources of infra-red rays, Menke Joseph Ferdinand, Doerpinghaus Ernst Hans, Brinro Ltd S A, 1961-03-21, - cigarette pack sized IR detector.
2999161 Method of and means for horizon stabilization, Lovoff Adolph, 1961-09-05, - PbS sensing cell to "see" the horizon.
2999177 Infra-red-sensitive mosaic, Fay E Null, William D Adams, App: 1946-08-19, W.W.II, Pub: 1961-09-05, -
3157521 Infrared lens cement, Donald S Cary, William F Parsons, Carnall Edward, Kodak, App: 1952-12-06, SECRET, Pub: 1964-11-17, -

My best guess is these were made in high volume for an application like an IR light meter.

History of infrared detectors, A. ROGALSKI, 2012 -
Fig 1
Kodak
                        Ektron P-2 PbS Infared IR sensor
The packaging seems to be specific for a variable resistance light sensor.
Outer envelope with notch for thumb pull.
Inner tri-fold holder for the sensors.
Sensors mounted on double-sided tape with very fine leads on carrier paper that is notched and has sprocket holes.
Holes on 140mm centers, 3.3mm dia.

A single sensor measured 261 k Ohms inside.
Outside in the Sun 90 k Ohms (4:43 pm 2021 July 2 @ Ukiah, CA).

PS the very fine wire bonded to the gold plated glass are very easy to break.



Meon FLTS EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set

Their web page says: "MEON™ is an end-to-end flight line confidence test set for directional infrared (IR) countermeasures (Wiki: DIRCM) and ultraviolet (UV) missile warning systems. It also incorporates an IR beacon and an IR detector to provide complete, end-to-end testing, alignment checks and calibrated radiometric measurement of DIRCM."

The brochure says: "MEON is an end-to-end flight line confidence test set for directional infra-red (IR) countermeasure, or DIRCM, and ultraviolet (UV) missile systems such as the AN/AAR-44, -47, -54, -57, -58 and -60. It also incorporates an IR beacon and IR detector to provide complete end-to-end testing..."

This is an older model not shown on the web page as of 2023 October.

NSN: 6695-99-341-4059:  Test Set,Combined,Missile Warner and Infrared Jammer.
Elettronica Systems, UK
I expect FLTS stands for Flight Line Test Set.
I under estimated the size.  The suitcase measures: 24" x 20" x 11".
The hand held unit is quite heavy.  That's why the suitcase has a couple of carry straps and the unit has tripod threaded holes in the bottom, since I expect anyone could hold it for only a short time let alone aim it.

DC Power

The internal 10 cell Ni-Cad battery pack is rated 12V, 2.8 AH and has NSN: 6140-99-280-7304 & ESL Defence Ltd p/n: EU00174-01-15 Iss2. Marked recommend replacement after 11/2013 so it's 10 years past, but we'll see if it still works.  Made up of 10 each Sub-C cells.
It replaced NSN: 6135-99-771-2451, p/n: EU00200-01-15.
It took only a couple of minutes for the battery voltage to climb from zero to 14.4V with an applied current of 100 mA from an HP bench power supply.  Then connected to the Universal charger set to 0.9 Amps (the lowest setting and where the switch was already).  It showed a green LED in less than a 1/4 hour. Tried in test set, but got only a few seconds of LCD on time.  Battery tests at 6 Volts, so may need to be rebuilt. 

But first will soak overnight at 50 mA to see if dead cells revive.
After sitting overnight the open circuit terminal voltage reads 14.0 VDC.  Next put on charger at 0.9 A @ 10:20 am. shows green in a minute.
When installed in unit and powered on it boots up and shows a full battery.

A replacement battery pack may be the Ni-MH Battery Space ID# 5149, p/n: PR-CU-R145, rated at 12V 4200Ah, $64 + s/h.

USC06-12-0918 Universal Charger was included along with an U.S. power cord (Wiki).  The smart charger works for both Ni-Cad and Ni-MH cell chemistry.
Input: 110 -  240 VAC 50/60 Hz Auto-switching
Output: 6 - 12 V DC, auto detecting, Switch 0.9 or 1.8 Amps
Auto cut-off: by ~deltaV via MCU, 50 mA float charge after cutoff.
Blue and red capped tubes contain test sources.  It's not clear how to use them.

Memory Card

This is a Mitsubishi MELCARD 1 MB F-EEPROM card, MF81M1-GFDAT01.
This may be a PCMCIA card.  Some of the MELCARDs have a battery, but this is a EEPROM, so no battery needed.

MF81M1-GFDAT01
   ^   ^^
   |   These 2 characters are for???, might be GF,G7(F-EEPROM), 9V,LY(SRAM), 77(F-E2PROM),
   1 This number of capacity in MB

Photos

Fig 1 Suitcase
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 2 Suitcase open
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 3 Bottom battery compartment opened showing.
Battery & Charger and 1 MB Flash memory card.
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 4 power on
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 5 Green LED bar graph at top front
Plate at top front conceals a couple of precision pins used to mount something.
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 6 Four optical ports at front.
Standard 1/4-20 tripod socket on bottom.
Top left photometer, right FLIR.
Bottom left UV source, right IR source.
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 7 spare: IR (red) and UV (Blue) sources
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 8 Back off four each 3mm hex bolts to access inside.  Uses two each IR sources, one by itself and one as part of a FLIR.  Uses one each UV source.  Remaining optical port is probably a photometer (light meter).
Internal LCD
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set
Fig 9 Internal LCD reads:
(hourglass) 186.7
Meon FLTS
                      EU00001-02-FG Infrared & UV Test Set

Operation

When powered on the self test exercises the LCD screen and the Green LED bar graph at the top front scrolls to the right.  Ends in Standby mode, not one of the presets.

With internal battery charged both toggle switches need to be switched to on in order to get boot.
When the Up or Down buttons are pressed the presets scroll between 1 and 8.
Pressing the trigger causes some relays to click, but nothing changes on the display.
Is there some type of Built In Test?

FLTS Patents

GB0100425 Apparatus for generating electrical signals with ultra-wide band arbitrary waveforms, Elettronica Systems Ltd (Textron Systems), 2001-02-21, -

Cites:
US5323409 Wavelength stabilization
FR2699295 Optical processing device for electrical signals
EP0723168 Adjustable optical delay line
6167024 Multiple channel control using orthogonally modulated coded drive signals
GB2341991 Apparatus for generating electrical signals of ultra-wide arbitrary frequencies
Cited by:
5323409 Wavelength stabilization
FR2699295 Optical processing device for electrical signals
EP0723168 Adjustable optical delay line
6167024 Multiple channel control using orthogonally modulated coded drive signals
GB2341991 Apparatus for generating electrical signals of ultra-wide arbitrary frequencies

GB2400644 Apparatus for the stimulation of a missile approach warning system, Philip Charles Jarrett Pring, Elettronica Systems Ltd (Textron Systems), 2005-02-09, - Can supply and IR and/or UV source that looks like a missile that would attack an aircraft, i.e. this device.

Cites:
4173777 Jet aircraft and/or missile plume simulator, David E. Schmit, Jon C. Richmond, Cincinnati Electronics Corp, 1979-11-06, -
5324937 Target for calibrating and testing infrared devices, Wallace W. Chen, I-Fu Shih, Hughes (Raytheon), 1994-06-28, -
5378890 Atmospheric scintillation simulator, James A. Wes, Harold J. Orlando, Steven R. Zammit, Northrop Grumman, 1995-01-03, -
5703314 Infrared projector countermeasure system, Delbert Brent Meeker, Navy, 1997-12-30, -
Cites:
3766858 Decoy flare
3841219 Decoy rounds for counter measures system
4439767 Lightweight optical jammer system
4624186 Infrared radiation-emitting decoy projectile
5070790 Target marker to attract projectiles provided with a homing head
5166507 Lidar countermeasure using amplitude and phase front modulation and degenerate four-wave mixing
5378155 Combat training system and method including jamming
5563420 Integrated ultraviolet and infrared source with minimal visible radiation
5600434 Apparatus for defending against an attacking missile
Cited by:
6267039 Aircraft missile-hit survivability using infrared lamp and sacrificial support structure
20040145708 Infrared projector
GB2400644 Apparatus for the stimulation of a missile approach warning system
20050062638 Missile deflector for airplanes
20050224706 System and processes for causing the simultaneity of events including controlling a pulse repetition frequency of a pulsed laser for disabling a scanning imaging system
20060000988 Sensor-guided threat countermeasure system
WO2006083714 Tactical integrated illumination countermeasure system
20070075182 Directed infrared countermeasures (DIRCM) system and method
7212148 Apparatus for jamming infrared attack unit using a modulated radio frequency carrier
20070159379 Method and apparatus for protecting ships against terminal homing phase-guided missiles
20080006738 Aircraft engine structure-mounted aim-point biasing infrared countermeasure apparatus and method
20080143579 Smart chaff
20090086489 Laser Beam Pattern Projector
7523692 Aircraft defense system against manpads with IR/UV seekers (against Stinger)
20110036999 Countermeasure method for a mobile tracking device
20110113949 Modulation device for a mobile tracking device
8082832 Missile system using two-color missile-signature simulation using mid-infrared test source semiconductor lasers
9096308 Wingtip fin of an aircraft
9164352 System and method for synchronizing light pulses at a selected location
EP2676172A4 Direct generation semiconductor ircm laser system
WO2019013987 Active multi-spectral system for generating camouflage or other radiating patterns from objects in an infrared scene
Cited by:
GB2437395 Apparatus for testing infrared sensors used for missile detection systems
EP2224260  Method and apparatus for target range determination
8082832 Missile system using two-color missile-signature simulation using mid-infrared test source semiconductor lasers
8185350 Systems and methods for operational verification of a missile approach warning system
WO2012150442 A self-propelled flying apparatus adapted to emulate a hostile firing action
WO2014027342 Threat simulating system

Patents


2189321 Electro-optical device, George A Morton, RCA,1940-02-06, - electron focusing
3014147 Infra
                      red image tube, George A Morton, RCA, App:
                      1947-04-09
3014147 Infra red image tube, George A Morton, RCA, App: 1947-04-09, Top Secret, Pub: 1961-12-19, -

3454769 Two-colour radiation ratio pyrometer, Barry Dynes, Associated Portland Cement Manf, 1969-07-08, 374/125; 250/394; 374/127; 374/181; 250/214SG; 356/45; 374/168 - to help with  unknown emissivity (Wiki).

3766539 Automatic personnel intrusion alarm, B Bradshaw, H Graves, Army, 1973-10-16, - 3 - 5 micros & 8 - 14 micron far IR.

3950645 Infrared detection tube, Jacob Rotstein, Robert J. Keyes, MIT, App: 1964-09-21, Secret, Pub: 1976-04-13, - long wave IR vidicon,

Barnes Engineering -

2983887 Radiation sensitive devices, Eric M Wormser, Barnes Eng, 1961-05-09, 338/18 - ground and polished  oxides of manganese, nickel and perhaps cobalt thermistor flakes, thallium bromide iodide IR window,
3137170 Infrared telethermometer, Robert W Astheimer, Current Assignee Edo Corp Barnes Eng, 1964-06-16, 250/339.04; 359/891; 374/127; 356/43 - RM-2 Radiometric Microscope InSb? (we had one of these at Aertech).  [Barnes: PEAC Photoelectric autocollimator: little info]

Research Devices Inc Infrared Microscope

2023: A couple of these have shown up on eBay for around $400.  Usually only the microscope part.  The 10 - 16 kV power supply is a separate item for around 4400.

3624400 Apparatus for the production of high-resolution visible images of objects illuminated by or emitting infrared radiation, Barry George Cohen, American Optical, 1971-11-30, - 1.15, 1.06 or 1.2 micron IR, not thermal. 

Related

10 Hz IR Avalanche Pulser - for use with beam breaker or as test source
China Lake Patents - includes proximity fuze based on both radio and optical
Electro Optical Gadgets - includes IR pulse sender and receiver
Exotech 100BX Radiometer -  multi-spectral filters on four channels
Flashlight Patents - includes Surefire & other weapon lights that have IR modes
Fire - emits near and long wave IR
GVS-5 Laser Infrared Observation Device MX-9838/GVS-5 - laser rangefinder using IR (1064 nm)
Haiku Ceiling Fan by Big Ass Fans - includes info on IR remote.
Hilger & Watts Spectrometer D 186.3/290 - used for early physics discoveries.
Integrating Sphere  - includes optical sensor electronics working in log mode for very high dynamic range
IR Beacons  - fit on top of a 9V battery
IR Photo Transistor Sensor
LED -
M18 IR Binocular - Vietnam era near IR
M-227 Signal Lamp Equipment SE-11 -5 "D" cell flashlight, includes near IR filter
M32 Tank IR Gun Sight - near IR, not thermal
Modular Outdoor Intrusion Detectors - includes IR beam breaker
Optics - many aspects
Optical Spectrum Analyzers: Monolight, Besler, Wollensak, Ocean Optics, Spectronic, Welch,
PAS-6 Varo Metascope Model 9902E  - near IR source and viewer
Pyrometer Ircon DN-DNS30-20C - (Wiki: Pyrometer) Optical viewing diode electrical sensing. - Wien's displacement law (Wiki), emissivity (Wiki), 0.7 to 1.9 um wavelength Silicon sensor, very small spot size.
Hughes Probeye Infrared Thermal Viewer - thermal viewer, requires high pressure gas for cooling
SDU-5/E Marker Distress Light - strobe lamp includes a lot of near IR + Near IR filter optioin
Seansors - all types including IR
Sperti Ultra Violet and Infra-Red Sun Lamps -
Thermal Hand Held Imager DFOV - large crystal IR lens, requires high pressure gas for cooling
TSL267 IR to Voltage
TVS-2B Night Vision Scope MX-7794B, Crew Served Weapon Night Sight - works in near IR as well as low light
AN/UAS-4 Infrared Surveillance System - thermal and near IR, multi-spectral filters
Ultraviolet - the other invisible light
US Navy Infrared Signaling Telescope US/C-3 - W.W.II near IR sensor
VVS-2(V)4 Driver's Night Vision Viewer - advanced low light and near IR viewer.
Weston Model 594 Photronic Cell, Weston 603, 614, 615, 617, 650, 703, 715, 756, 819 & others - about visible light, but a little near IR

References

Ref 1. About QFI: Quantum Focus Instruments Corporation was founded in 1997 as a spin-off from EDO/Barnes Engineering. EDO/Barnes was a well-known pioneer in IR detectors and systems (first infrared microscope 1963), as well as in the field of photoemission microscopy.
Ref 2. Infra-Red, In Situ (IRIS) Inspection of Silicon - uses 1070 nm infrared light & camera with IR filter removed to make Silicon transparent. - HAYEAR 14MP HD TV HDMI USB Industry Digital C-Mount Microscope Camera TF Card + 180x Zoom C-Mount Lens ($180 @ Amazon) (stand not included) - Hayear Cameras -

Links

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