Battery Operated Hand Tools

Background
Description
    Ryobi 18V Batteries
        Battery Pack Design
        Tools with and without HP Contacts
    Ryobi Tire Inflator/Deflator
    Ryobi P421 Angle Grinder
    Black & Decker Battery to Ryobi Tool Adapter
Photos
Patents
Related
References
Links

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Background

This page got started when my investigation of the Ryobi 18V batteries grew and grew.  It was on the Vehicles (cars\Ryobi) web page and now it's here.

Description

Ryobi 18V Batteries

Battery Specifications

All rechargeable batteries have two key specifications.  The battery energy capacity in Watt hours and the internal resistance.

Amp hours v. Watt hours

Most rechargeable batteries advertise an Amp hour rating which allows comparing capacity with other batteries with the same voltage.  But to get the actual energy capacity you need to multiply the Ah rating by the battery voltage.  So a 20V battery with a 4 Ah rating has the same energy capacity as a 40V battery rated at 2 Ah.

Internal Resistance

PBP005 High Performance battery on left PBP004 standard battery on right. The HP battery has two additional contacts at the base of the tower.

PBP005 High Performance The P117 charger makes contact with the 3 terminals at the top of the tower and the contact that's common to both batteries on the flat part.  But does not make use of the two new contacts.  So the new contacts are probably for use with the tools. Terminals are labeled: + & - for the main battery terminals. C1 & C2 for the charger control terminals HP1 & HP2 for the new High Performance terminals Voltage/ Resistance Table Blk  Red >    v - + C1 C2 HP1 HP2 - na 19.9V 0 0 17.83 1.12 + na -19.9 -19.9 0 0 C1 8k1 X na 0 19.1 2.7 C2 30k1 X 38kOhms na 19.1 2.7 HP1 X 2.0V4 Diode X X na 0 HP2 X Open X X OL na Note: X= not tested for Ohms since voltage present OL= Over Load (Open Circuit) Diode= 2V forward, OL in reverse na= not applicable Note 1: 8k & 30k did not change after the battery sat overnight in the refrigerator.  These resistances may be a signal to the charger about the capacity of the battery. The same resistance measured on the PBP003 2AH so not a capacity signal Note2: 2.9 V on the PBP003 2AH - maybe  capacity signal? Note 3: 19.4 on the PBP003 2AH when the (+) terminal reads 20.2 Note 4: open circuit on the PBP003 2AH

The maximum current a battery can deliver into a dead short is determined by its internal resistance.  Something that's not specified by most tool battery suppliers.  But how much power a battery can deliver may depend on its internal resistance it's a very important specification.  One place this shows up is high power applications like impact drivers where the peak torque depends on the motor horse power, hence on the battery internal resistance.  Note that Ryobi offers two different 4Ah batteries: the standard 18V ONE+ 4.0 Battery (PBP005) for $79 and the 18V ONE+ 4.0 AH High Performance Battery (PBP004) for $99.  The difference is the PBP004 has a lower internal resistance.

YouTube: Ryobi Called, Said We're Doing it All Wrong: Their Idea vs Real Gains Ep59 -
Ryobi HP Finally Beats M18 but Needed THIS Battery: Dyno Test Ep30 (Ep22 Part 2) - "HP" on a tool or battery seems to mean higher current.

RYOBI HP TOOLS - [Worth The Extra Money???] 💲💲💲-

There is a Black & Decker tire pump BDINF20C that has both high pressure and high volume outputs.  Looked at this since I have some B&D tool batteries.

Using the SM8124A Battery Tester shows a voltage of 20.5 and an internal resistance of 0.0432 Ohms.
I = V/R = 20.5 / 0.0432 = 474 Amps.  I think this is the battery Ryobi recommends for high torque if using their driver.

2022 Jan 6 - have the PBP005 4.0 AH battery on order for comparison.
20.7 Volts,  0.0451 Ohms; 459 Amps
Not that much different, why?
After charging the PBP004 overnight:
Voc: 20.4 V
Ri: 0.0446
Aflash: 457 Amps
Maybe the PBP004 needs some sort of a signal in order to have a lower internal resistance?  Let me know.

PBP003 2AH High Performance (has HP contacts).
Voc: 20.1
Ri: 0.0941
Aflash: 213 Amps

Fig 1 PBP003 2AH High Performance The metal plate goes into the bottom of the tower.	Fig 1 PBP005 4AH (no HP contacts)
Fig 2 PBP003 2AH High Performance Battery Terminals marked as well as external terminals The shunt is 2.5 milli Ohms (notice additional notches)	Fig 2 PBP005 4AH (no HP contacts) The shunt is 2.0 milli Ohms

YouTube: Ryobi One+ 6Ah Battery Review: More POWER! - This and other videos on Doresoom Tool Reviews are technically correct.

Facebook: Ryobi Rebels

PBP003 18V 2AH High Performance battery on order to take apart. 2022-01-11.

Battery Pack Design

With the key marketing parameter being run time the Amp hour rating is what gets branded on the battery.  There are Lithium cells optimized to provide high Ah ratings, but at the expense of providing lower maximum current values.  So it's possible to choose a cell to get a high Ah rating or choosing a cell to get high currents, choose either one since you can not have both.  This comes about in relation to the thickness of the metal foil and the thickness of the web that holds the electrolyte.  There's a fixed volume inside the battery so thicker metal foil means lower internal resistance and less space for electrolyte, so lower Ah capacity.

How the cells are connected also makes a difference.  For "18 V" tools a series string of five cells is needed.  If it's a single string there no choice of connections.  But if ten cells are connected as two strings of five cells then connected in parallel the voltage stays at 18V but the current capability is doubled.   Again the cells can be chosen for Ah or max current.

There was a battery pack that used the newer 21700 cells but they turned out to have a lower maximum current than the older 18650 cells so that pack was abandoned.

YouTube: SerendipitySue: Ryobi One+ 18V Battery Charge Adapter for Solar / Powerstation - Includes 3D printed Ryobi connector & 1k2 resistor to turn on the battery state of charge gauge on the battery (not just when the button is pressed). - Ryobi 18V Extension Cord - designed using Revopoint POP 3D scanner, for black parts spray with Spotcheck SKD-S2 Aerosol Developer Revelador, - Ryobi 800W modified Sine (almost square) inverter -

Tools with and without HP contacts

Model	Description	HP Contacts	YouTube
PBLRC25B	3/8" Ratchet	no	VCGC
PBLIS01B	Jig saw
PBLRS01B	Reciprocating Saw	Yes	WA
PBLDD01B	Brushless 1/2" Drill/Driver	Yes	KA
AR2040	Impact Rated Driving Kit (70-Piece)	na	na
PSBDD01	Brushless 1/2" Drill/Driver kit with bag comes with no HP contact battery	No	KA, MCT JR, WA
PBLRC01	1/4" Ratchet
P2502BTL	10" Chainsaw
PSBRA02B	Rt Angle 3/8" Drill
PSBDD01K	1/2" Drill/Driver
PBLIW01B	1/2" Impact Wrench (Hi Torque)	Yes	WA TTC
P262	1/2" Impact Wrench (Mid Torque) Battery1	Yes	TTC TTC

Note1: Battery options: PBP005 18V 4Ah came with the P262, P108 High Capacity 18V 4Ah, PBP004 18V 4Ah High Performance, P197 18V 4AH.  In Ep30 they learned about the battery differences.

Time in Video Ep30	TTC PBLIW01B	Model	Cell Size	Ah	HP Contacts
@56 & @6:49		P192	18650	4	Yes
@1:40	@4:11 @4:48	P195	21700	3	Yes
	@9:15 did not work	M18 HD12.0 & Adapter			No
@7:39		M18 XC5.0 & Adapter			No
@8:35	@9:34 @11:20	Dewalt 5AH & Adapter			No
	@10:35	PBP005	18650		Yes
		P108
	@9:41	PBP004	18650		No
		P197

The P195 has more torque than the P192 even though a lower Ah rating. see Battery Pack Design above.
The M18 XC5.0 &adapter w/no HP contacts about equal to the P195.
Both the M18 & Dewalt batteries (w/adapter w/o HP contacts) perform better than the Ryobi batteries.
The PBP005 (4Ah) is just below the P195 (3Ah) on the PBLIW01B

Tire Inflator/Deflator Ryobi PSK004

P131 Cigarette Lighter powered 20V battery charger

Got starter kit (PSL004) that included PBP004 4AH battery and the P117 AC charger.
See on my Cars web page.

Angle Grinder P421

This uses 4-1/2" diameter wheels with 7/8" center hole.  It does not have the high current contacts, so any 18V Ryobi battery will work.
It comes with a grinding wheel. No battery is included.
This does NOT include the high current contacts.

Fig 1 Comes with 1/4" wide grinding wheel, handle with tool storage.

This was used to grind off the rusted fasteners holding the wide scoop onto the CanSporter.  I had planned to grind of the screw heads, but the 4-1/2" diameter wheel will not reach down into the slot.  The solution was to simply grind off the rusted nuts.  This was done on the driveway since a lot of sparks were shooting.  Not on the dry grass.

I also got a grinding wheel rated for Aluminum and a package of steel/iron cutoff wheels that are 0.045" thick.

Black & Decker Battery to Ryobi Tool Adapter

Since I already have a number of Black & Decker 20V batteries I ordered an adapter, the DE18RL, BUT it I ordered the wrong one.

This is for Dewalt battery to Ryobi tools. Dewalt (& Milwaukee) batteries to Ryobi tools.

Dewalt Battery to Ryobi Tool Adapter

This does NOT work on Ryobi tool.

Fig 1 Dewalt (& Milwaukee) batteries to Ryobi tool Adapter DM18RL Does not fit Black & Decker battery

Fig 2 Does not fit Black & Decker battery

Black & Decker Battery to Ryobi Tool Adapter

From eBay seller batterytool eBay title: "Battery Adaptor BPS18RL Black & Decker 18V Converter For Ryobi 18V Tool Battery"

Fig 1

What's in a Name: 18 v 20 Volts? The Ryobi batteries are marked 18V and the Black & Decker batteries are marked 20V. They both use five series connected Li-Ion cells so are identical for both powering tools and for charging.  The fully charged battery (either brand) measures 20V, so maybe that's the reason B&D labeled their battery 20V.  But the common battery voltage number has to do with the discharged voltage of a battery.  Hence a "12 Volt" car battery measures 13.8 V when fully charged and closer to 15/14 Volts while charging.  It's 12 V when discharged. The adapters do not include the charging contacts, so you need to match the battery with a charger made by the same company for that chemistry and voltage. The adapters are only for powering tools, not charging.

Photos

Fig 1	Fig 2

Patents

Related

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References

Links

PRC68, Alphanumeric Index of Web pages, Contact, Products for Sale (Battery Adapters)
Page Created 2022-01-19